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Rodents
Rodents are considered pests because of the health risks that they pose. There are several diseases which have been documented to come from rodents, their feces or parasites they carry. Plus, rodents will damage property, potentially bite people living on the property, and will eat food stored on property too.
Rat burrows, rat droppings, rub marks, gnaw marks and squeaking sounds are possible signs of rat infestation. The key strategy in managing rat infestation is to remove and deny entry to food sources and remove potential areas of harbourage, so as to make nesting and breeding difficult. Measures to achieve this include keeping the environment clean, storing food in rat-proof containers and practising good refuse management.
Evidence of Infestation
– Sighting of live rodent
– Burrows
– Rub marks
– Gnaw marks
– Dropping
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as dengue fever, Chikungunya and Zika. The most effective way to control the mosquito population is to prevent breeding. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Ground puddles, discarded containers, water storage containers, choked drains, roof gutters, infrequently used gully traps, and toilet bowls are some examples of mosquito breeding habitats.
By practising good and regular housekeeping – filling up ground depressions, disposing discarded containers properly, and clearing choked drains and roof gutters regularly – mosquito breeding can be minimised. For mosquito breeding habitats that cannot be permanently removed, a competent pest control operator should be engaged to look out for them, and to treat them with insecticides to prevent breeding.
Evidence of Infestation
– Sighting of live mosquito
– Larvae can be found in stagnant, clean, muddy or brackish water
– Red itchy bumps on your skin
Cockroaches
Cockroaches are among the most common pests in many homes, buildings and F&B outlets. At night they search for food in kitchens, food storage places, rubbish bins, drains and sewers. They are pests because of their filthy habits and bad smell. Some people may become allergic to cockroaches after frequent exposure.
Evidence of Infestation
– Ootheca
– Sighting of live cockroaches
– Cockroaches’ Odour
Flies
Synanthropic flies are flies that are closely associated with man and domestic dwellings. They can potentially spread bacteria, fungi, and viruses wherever they land. They multiply rapidly, defile food, and transmit diseases. Fly infestations can cause several health issues. The diseases that flies can transmit include enteric infections (such as dysentery, diarrhoea, typhoid, cholera and certain helminth infections), eye infections (such as trachoma and epidemic conjunctivitis).
Evidence of Infestation
– Maggots
– Sighting clusters of flies
Ants
Ants are common insects, but they have some unique capabilities. More than 10,000 known ant species occur around the world.
Ants look much like termites, and the two are often confused—especially by nervous homeowners. However, ants have a narrow “waist” between the abdomen and thorax, which termites do not.
Ants usually come indoors in search of food or nesting habitat. Even small amounts of food, like pet food crumbs, can attract hordes of industrious ants.
Evidence of Infestation
– Sawdust trails
– Piles of soil or dirt
– Discarded wings
– Trail of ants
Booklices
Booklice (Pscocids) is a very small (about 1.5mm long) soft-bodied insect. It is colourless when young and will grow into grey or light brown adults. Psocids have either four wings or are wingless. It presence is often difficult to detect with the naked eye but it becomes more conspicuous when it clusters around in hundreds.
They are very common but harmless household pests. They are not caused by poor hygiene as they are just as common in scrupulously clean homes.
Booklice are always associated with damp. It could be caused by new plaster drying out, condensation from not having enough ventilation in the kitchen/ bathroom, or a leaking water pipe. Booklice feed on mould caused by damp conditions. They are also believed to feed on microscopic moulds that grow on the glue of book-bindings or on damp cardboard, damp food (especially cereals) or o on the surfaces close to damp plaster inside buildings, which is very common with brand new houses.
Evidence of Infestation
– Visible mould and damp patches in the affected rooms
– Sighting live adult
Fleas
Fleas belong to the order Siphonaptera, which is derived from the Greek words “siphon” meaning a tube and “aptera” meaning wingless. This is refer to it modified mouthparts designed for piercing skin and sucking blood and wingless condition. Adult fleas are blood-sucking ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals such as rodents, domesticated pets, man and birds. Both sexes take blood meals and are equally important as vector of disease. They can survive without food for 4 months.
Evidence of Infestation
– Fleas hopping on your drapery, carpet, or furniture
– Multiple dot-like insects in your pet’s fur
– Your pets scratch, lick, or bite their fur excessively
Bed Bugs
Bed bugs are insect from the genus Cimex that feed on blood, usually at night. They are extremely annoying by disrupting a good night’s rest. Their bites can result in a number of health impacts including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms.
Evidence of Infestation
– Blood stains on bed linen, pillow & blanket
– Black faecal marks
– Very strong odour
– Live bed bugs at corners & crevices of the bed
– Bite marks in clusters
Termites
In Singapore, termites are commonly referred to as “white ants” (literal translation from “bai ma yi” in Mandarin or “anai anai” in Malay). They resemble ants but they do not have a narrow “waist” like the ants. Their bodies are pale in colour.
Termites neither transmit diseases nor attack humans. These insects play an useful roles in the ecosystem by helping to breakdown fallen trees into nutrients for other living plants.
However, termites can damage our properties when they feed on the cellulose found in wood and wood by-products. Sometimes, they can carry out “exploratory feeding”, causing damage to PVC casings and electrical copper wiring. In most cases, the damage is not detected until it is too late.
Evidence of Infestation
– Sightings of termite swarmers (flying termites) or discarded wings
– Termite dropping
– Mud tubes
– Damage on wooden furniture
– Hollow wall sound
– Saw dust
Bees
Bees are insects with wings closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey.
Bees are considered to be dangerous. A sting from a honey bee will result in a painful, raised welt. In some cases the venom from a honey bee sting can cause a severe allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Evidence of Infestation
– Hive
– Swarming bees